Peripheral Arterial Disease

Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD), also known as peripheral vascular disease (PVD), is a condition characterized by the narrowing or blockage of arteries outside the heart and brain. It mainly affects the arteries supplying blood to the legs and feet but can also impact arteries in the arms. The primary cause of PAD is atherosclerosis, which is the buildup of fatty deposits (plaque) inside the arterial walls, leading to reduced blood flow to the affected areas.

Risk factors for developing PAD include:

• Smoking: Cigarette smoking is one of the most significant risk factors for PAD. It damages blood vessels and accelerates atherosclerosis.
• Diabetes: Individuals with diabetes have an increased risk of developing PAD due to higher blood sugar levels damaging blood vessels over time.
• High blood pressure: Hypertension can damage the artery walls and contribute to the development of atherosclerosis.

Symptoms of PAD may vary, but common signs include:

• Claudication: Pain, cramping, or fatigue in the legs or buttocks during physical activity, which typically resolves with rest.
• Cold feet or legs: Reduced blood flow can lead to a feeling of coldness in the affected limbs.
• Numbness or weakness: Some people may experience a loss of sensation or weakness in the legs.